People who have long life have healthy life. They do not possess the ‘bad genes’ which can cause mutant or aberrant genes and cancer and cardio-vascular genetic factors, which are the most common cause of death among people. People who live long possess the ‘good genes’ that repair the mutations of the DNA, and maintain and mend telomeres on chromosomes. Scientists investigate the aspects of longevity, aging, telomeres and genes.

DNA or Deoxyribonucleic acid is the code of life. Genes are made of DNA. All genes are encoded by four nitrogen-bases, namely the adenine, cystosine, guanine and thymine. The sequence, type and number of nucleotides are not the same for each of the different genes in any organism. Through the gene sequencers, it is possible to identify the exact position of these bases in genes and DNA molecules.

The genotype or genes tells what the whole genetic composition. Its detectable and outward appearance is the phenotype, which is ultimately determined by the genotypes. Certain genes are defective or mutated, and which can harm, damage or even kill the host.

In the human genetic code, there are some good gene codes, bad gene codes, as well as the in-between gene codes. An understanding of normal and aberrant codes is significant component of understanding health, disease, aging and even cancer. The telomeres are the end portion or cap portions of DNA that are non-coding regions for proteins.

The telomeres are far end portion of a chromosome that is located at each end of the linear chromosome. It is not similar to most segments of DNA in the sense that telomeres do not code for RNA or Ribonucleic acid, and protein creation. Rather, they are the end segments of DNA and serve as protector of DNA located between each end cap.

The repeats of non-coding are the telomere cap sequences which are complexed with specific cap proteins, which in turn cause the T loop structures. Generally, the T-loops exist wherever there are DNA breakages or damaged DNA. The T-loops incite the DNA repair. If such thing happens, the dangerous chromosomal end-to-end fusions may happen. This chromosome fusion happens when telomeric DNA sequences alter by mutation or if the telomere-associated proteins are decreased.

Telomerase is the reverse transcriptase enzyme which maintains stable telomere repeats in vivo and in vitro. The telomere-linked proteins activate proper telomere formations, and block and preclude the DNA damage repair systems. Telomeres have a significant role in maintaining stable chromosomes. The defective telomere lengths are vulnerable to form fusions that fail to separate in mitosis.

In studies conducted many decades ago, the cells grown in tissue culture lose the ability to divide after 40 to 60 transfer from one tube to another. Levitra Professional They reached the stage of senescence and aging. Scientists found that senescing or aging had telomeres that were diminished. So, after 60 divisions, the aging cells could not divide.

On the other hand, the embryonic stem cell telomeres are remarkably longer than adult stem cells. As cells age the telomeres are shortened, resulting to mature cells of almost all types almost having no telomeres at all.

Scientists are optimist they will fully understand telomeres and their proteins. When that time Viagra Professional comes, they will find a solution to prevent aging related to damage in telomere. The researches on active repair and remediation of telomeres are among the ongoing searches for the ultimate solution to eternal youth.

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Category: Health/Medicine
Keywords: DNA, aging