Pharmacogenomics, having evolved from pharmacology, is the scientific study of the human’s genetic inheritance and its response to given drugs. The term is derived from two fields of study, namely the pharmacology and genomics, No prescription cialis and hence, the crossing point between pharmaceuticals and genetics. Genomics, on the other hand, is the scientific study of the human genome, or the complete set of chromosomes.

According to the scientists involved in its study, pharmacogemics holds the solution for the ultimate treatment of diseases. The drugs are custom-tailored based on the genetic makeup a person or a sub-group of individuals. Although there are external factors such as the environment, diet, age, lifestyle and overall state of health of an individual that can affect his response to medicines, the full understanding of his genetic makeup is the central key to formulate personalized drug with greater efficiency and safety.

Pharmacogenomics employs knowledge from other scientific fields such as the biochemistry and its components of study such as proteins, genes, and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Scientists have in minds the following advantages of studying pharmacogenomics:

1. More effective medicines. This is the foremost goal of pharmacoecogenomics, to make the pharmaceutical companies develop drugs based on their proteins, RNA molecules and enzymes which are all associated with genes and diseases. This will expedite the discovery of drugs and enable the pharmaceuticals to produce a treatment that specifically targets certain diseases. The medicines will be accurate in the sense that it will have the least side-effects to the healthy cells.

2. More effective vaccines. Scientists seek to develop vaccines from genetic material such as the DNA or RNA and deliver benefits of the vaccines today, but without the risks and side-effects. Such vaccines will enhance the immune system without causing infections. Of course, part of the study and development is to ensure that such vaccines are inexpensive, stable, and capable of being tailored to hold various strains of pathogens simultaneously.

3. More effective and safer drugs. The common scenario of treating chronic diseases today is the trial-and-error methodology of drugs. However, with the drugs formulated after pharmacoecogenomics, physicians will be able to match the right drugs to the patient based on his genetic profile. With that, the patient will be prescribed with the best drug therapy from the beginning, without the side-effects.

In addition, because physicians will be able to prescribe the accurate drug therapy, the patient will have more chances of speedy recovery. The likelihood of adverse effects is eradicated. The scientists are optimist that their study can reduce more or less 100,000 deaths and 2 million hospitalizations every year in the United States alone.

At the present, pharmacoecogenomics has been in practice in a limited degree. The cytochrome P450, which is a family of liver enzymes, is tasked for breaking down over 30 various classes of drugs. The DNA variations in genes that encode for these enzymes can affect their ability to metabolize some drugs. The presence of less-active or inactive CYP enzymes affects the body’s ability to metabolize the drugs, and will cause overdose in patients.

As a result, patients are screened and monitored for variations in cytochrome P450 genes using genetic tests by clinical trial researchers. Pharmacogenomics is an emerging scientific study. It needs more years and in-depth study in order to materialize the advantages that it promises.

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Category: Health/Medicine
Keywords: pharmacogenomics, advantages, pharmacoecogenomics