A car, or automobile, is a land vehicle with wheels, run by a motor or engine, that is driven on roads to transport people and cargo. Cars are among the most common means of personal transportation in today’s world. In the year 2007, the global number of cars was about 800 million. The terms car and automobile are usually reserved for motorized vehicles larger than motorcycles, and smaller than trucks and buses, however light trucks can sometimes also be referred to as cars. The average passenger capacity for a typical car is five persons, but it can vary from one to nine seats.

The most basic principle of how a car works is that of a chassis that rolls upon its wheels, coupled with the motor for purposes of propulsion. All of the elements necessary for controlling the car are accessible to be controlled by the driver, through mechanisms such as the steering wheel and the pedals for accelerating or braking. The typical car has four wheels with tires, with the car’s frame resting upon these. The steering wheel controls the direction of the front wheels only. The fuel required to operate the engine is stored in a tank, while a battery supplies power to the car’s electrical components. This battery is recharged by a generator driven by the engine. The engine also provides mechanical power that is transmitted to the wheels by means of the gears and transmission device.

A wide assortment of controls and instriments are found on the dashboard, such as the speedometer, which measures the current speed of the vehicle in terms of distance divided by time, eg. miles per hour. Other normal accessories include elements designed for the comfort of the driver and passengers, such as heating, air conditioning, and radio, or for their safety, for instance, windshield wipers, headlights, etc.

The automotive industry is of the utmost importance to the economies of several industrialized countries around the world, in particular, the United States, Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, China, and South Korea. Japan is currently the world’s largest automobile producer, followed by China. The largest car manufacturing companies in the world in 2010 were, in order of size: Toyota, Volkswagen, General Motors, Renault-Nissan, Hyundai Kia, Honda, Peugeot, Ford, Suzuki, and Fiat.

When cars were first invented in the late 19th century, they were no faster than a horse, but unlike horses, they could not be stopped quickly, making them dangerous tools at first. This led some countries to pass laws requiring a person on foot to go in front of the vehicle on public highways, for example, the Locomotive Acts of the United Kingdom. Today, laws regulating speed limits and requiring drivers to wear seat belts have significantly reduced the number of traffic deaths in most western countries. However, because of the rapid increase in motor vehicles in developing countries like China and India, and the neglect for safety laws in other countries like Russia or Iran, the rate of road fatalities continues to rise worldwide.

As the number of cars in the world continues to go up, other factors gaining increased attention are pollution contributing to global warming, and the depletion of world oil supplies. Several recent advances in the design of cars are geared toward solving these problems, as are regulations in several countries, however the problems continue to worsen on a global scale.

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Category: Automotive
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