Cystitis
Inflammation of urinary bladder

AETIOLOGY:

-Common in women due to short urethra

-Hematogenous infection from kidneys

-Lymphatic spread from infected cervix

-Bowel infections like appendicular abscess ,diverticulitis

-In men it is often secondary

PREDISPOSING CAUSES:

1.Presence of calculus, foreign body and neoplasm in the bladder

2.Obstruction in the urethra due to urethral stricture, enlargement of the prostate gland

3.Diveticulum in the bladder

4.Injuries to the spinal cord

5.Presence of the vesico ureteral reflex

ROUTES OF THE INFECTION:

Ascending infection
Lymphatic spread
Hematogenous spread

CAUSATIVE ORGANISMS:

– Staphylococcus bacteriae
– Streptococcus bacteriae
– E .coli
– pseudomonas
– kleibsiella

PATHOLOGY:

MACROSCOPIC FEATURES:

Mucous membrane of the bladder is swollen, red, congested
Multiple foci of the sub mucosal hemorrhages are seen
In the trigone of there bladder there may be tiny clear cysts known as bullous edema
In the chronic type there is reduction in the cavity due to the thickened mucosa

MICROSCOPIC CHANGES:

ACUTE TYPE:
The submucous coat is congested with the dilatation of the capillaries
There is an inflammatory infiltrate

CHRONIC TYPE:

All the coverings of the bladder are involved
Diffuse fibrosis of the sub mucosa
Ulceration of the mucosa
Polypoid excrescences due to the formation of granulomatous tissue covered by the epithelium

CLINICAL FEATURES:

1.These depend on the severity of the disease

2.Increased frequency of the urine

3.This is seen both in the day as well as in the night

4.Urgency of the urination
5.Pain before passing the urine

6.Haematuria

7.Pyuria

PHYSICAL SIGNS:

Tenderness in the suprapubic region

If the infection is due to the BPH rectal examination reveals it

LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS:

1.Complete blood picture
2.Complete urine examination
3.C-ray
4.Cystoscopy

HOMOEOPATHIC APPROACH:

CANTHARIS:

There is constant urging to micturate
There is great tenesmus
Urine is passed only in the drops and it seems that molten lead is passing
There is in intense burning in the urethra
It is accompanied by aching in the small of the back
Hematuria is also seen in most of the cases

MERC COR:

This remedy has great tenesmus of the bladder with intense burning
Burning is less but the tenesmus is greater
In this too urine is passed drop by drop
There is sudden retention of the urine
Frequent fruitless efforts to urinate
There is cutting pain in the bladder which extends to the abdomen
There is terrible distress in the neck of the bladder

APIS MELLIFICA:

The guiding symptom of this remedy is scanty urine
There is suppression of the urine
Oedema of the various parts is also seen
It is accompanied by thirstlessness
Suffocation on lying down
The urine is highly dark and albuminous
Urine also contains casts
Great irritation of the neck of the bladder

APOCYANUM CANNABINUM:

Scanty urination, which is light colored or sherry colored
It produces copious diuresis
It is followed by the scanty urination
It also produces in continence
Sinking and bruised feeling at the stomach
It is accompanied by thirstiness

BERIBERIS VULGARIS:

Severe tearing pain in the kidneys
Pain extend from back and reaches bladder
Cutting pains in the neck of the bladder
Pain worse by lying or sitting ,and better by standing
Bladder is imperfectly emptied
Urine is reddish n color
Pain in the hips while the act of urination

Author Bio: Dr Guptha associated with ICD10 Certification and Dr Guptha associated with ICD10 Training

Category: Wellness, Fitness and Diet
Keywords: icd10, training, certification